ABSTRACT
Objective To assess the role of pelvic ultrasound examination in discriminating between normal girls,isolated premature thelarche/pubarche /menarche and central precocious puberty (CPP).Methods Eighty-four isolated premature thelarche/pubarche /menarche cases,47 CPP cases,and 177 normal girls aged 0-10 years were recruited.All diagnoses were confirmed by the gonadotropin-releasing hormone-stimulation test.All subjects underwent pelvic ultrasound examination for the measurement of length,width,thickness,and volume of the uterine body,uterine cervix,and ovary,and the number of follicles with diameter≥ 4 mm.The groups were subdivided by age intervals when the difference in ultrasound measurements between CPP,isolated premature thelarche/pubarche/menarche,and normal girls were analyzed.Results 1) Differentiation between CPP and normal girls:for the 6-8 years,there were 11 variables elevated in CPP as compared to the normal girls.Uterine cervix thickness was the most efficient parameter as judged by the largest value of area under the ROC curve (0.958).The best cut-off,sensitivity,and specificity was 0.73 cm,93.30％,and 85.70％ respectively;for the 8-10 years,uterine body volume was the best parameter among the 10 elevated variables as judged by the largest area under the ROC curve (0.869),3.23 cm3 was the best cut-off limit with a sensitivity of 84.21％ and a specificity of 52.11％.2) Differentiation between isolated premature thelarche/pubarche/menarche and normal girls:for the 0-6 years,ovary thickness was the best variable as judged by the largest area under the ROC curve (0.806),0.98cm was the best cut-off limit with a sensitivity of 76.46％ and a specificity of 84.85 ％ ;for the 6-8 years,ovary width was the best variable among the 8 valuable variables for its largest area under the ROC curve (0.843),1.39 cm was the best cut-off limit with a sensitivity of 85.71％ and a specificity of 73.81％ respectively;for the 8-10 years,uterine cervix thickness was the best variable among the 5 valuable variables for its largest area under ROC curve (0.841),0.75 cm was the best cut-off limit with a sensitivity of 90.48％ and a specificity of 64.21％.3) Differentiation between CPP and isolated premature thelarche/ pubarche/menarche cases:for the 6-8 years,uterine cervix length and width were potential parameters.Uterine cervix length was the best variable for its largest area under the ROC curve(0.764),and 1.49 cm was the best cut-off limit,the corresponding sensitivity and specificity was 93.33％ and 55.17％ respectively;for the 8-10 years,3 variables could be used,among which uterine cervix length was the best variable for its largest area under the ROC curve (0.893),1.88 cm was the best cut-off limit with a sensitivity of 100％ and a specificity of 71.43％.Condusions Pelvic ultrasound examination is a valuable tool for the diagnosis and differentiation between CPP,isolated premature thelarche/pubarche /menarche and normal girls.
ABSTRACT
Objective To explore the molecular mechanism for the self-limitation of adenoviral infections in human airway,the different impacts of adenovirus serotype 5 ( Ad5 ) and serotype 7 ( Ad7 ) infections on mucin 1 ( MUC1 ) expression in airway epithelial cells were preliminarily investigated.Methods The Ad5 and the Ad7 infection models were established in A549 cell line.qRT-PCR was performed to determine the transcription of MUC1 mRNA,and the expression of MUC1 in A549 cells infected by Ad5 or Ad7 was by detected Western blot.Results An up-regulation of the MUC1 mRNA level were observed after Ad5 infection for 6 h(P＜0.05 ),and the protein expression level of MUC1 increased in a time-dependent manner in 48 hours of Ad5 infection,while similar response of MUC1 mRNA was absent in Ad7 infection (6 h),even after prolonged (20 h) treatment ( P ＞ 0.05 ).Conclusion This study reveals an up-regulation of MUC1 expression as one of the early immune response to Ad5 infection,which implies that MUC1 may function fully or partially as an anti-inflammatory factor in the self-limitation effect of Ad5 infection.However,type7 adenoviral infection,may introduce a mechanism otherwise,but through MUC1.